Claude Roberto immigrated to Canada from France in 1962 with her family, settling at Ottawa and later at Gatineau, Quebec. She pursued her primary and secondary education with the National Center of Distance Learning at Vannes, Paris, France. She earned her Bachelor and her Masters in Classical Studies at the University of Ottawa in 1975 and 1977 respectively. She was also a researcher in archaeology at École française de Rome, and professor and research assistant at University of Ottawa (1974–1977). In 1977 Roberto moved to Alberta, where she continued her studies, earning her PhD in classical archaeology at the University of Alberta in 1984. She was sporadically charged with classical studies classes, between 1980–2000, for the Campus Saint-Jean, for the Faculty of Extension and for the Romance Languages Department at the University of Alberta. Since 1985 Claude Roberto served as an archivist at the Provincial Archives of Alberta. She was a member of several committees of the Association canadienne-française de l’Alberta (ACFA), of several professional and community organizations, president of Théâtre français d’Edmonton (1988–1991), vice-president of Metro Cinema Society (1987–1989), and president of Club cinéphile d’Edmonton (1986–1988). She is author or co-author of several articles and books on archaeology and archives, of which Guide pour les archives des Oblats de Marie Immaculée, Province de l’Alberta-Saskatchewan (1989) received the Special Award of Merit of the Archivists Society of Alberta and Alberta Archives Council. She is the recipient of the Roger-Motut award of the Association canadienne-française de l’Alberta for History and Literature, in 1999.

Claude Roberto was vice-president of the Chronic Pain Association of Canada (1999–2006) and is currently an Advisory Board Member of the University of Alberta Multidisciplinary Pain Clinic in Edmonton and president of the Edmonton Nerve Pain Association. She is the author of the book At Peace with Pain and in 2004 she received a Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Jubilee Award for inspiring others, improving their life conditions and volunteering for communities at the local and national levels. Claude Roberto was elected to the Provincial Health Ethics Network’s Board of Directors in May 2007 and she held this position for two years.

In July 2009 she became the Secretary General for the Bureau of Canadian Archivists; this position includes being the Canadian representative in the international archival community. As such, she is member of the Section of Professional Associations of the International Council of Archives (ICA), for which she also provides training for archivists and translating services.