Alberta Register of Historic Places

Lacombe Blacksmith Shop

Lacombe

Other Names:

Statement of Significance

Description of Historic Place
The Lacombe Blacksmith Shop was built sometime between 1902 and 1907. It is a simple, rectangular, gable-roofed building clad entirely in corrugated sheet metal. Its front facade is dominated by a large boomtown front with a central, double-wide sliding door flanked by a window and a regular doorway. The shop exhibits a high level of interior integrity and contains numerous original fixtures and blacksmithing artefacts. Some alterations have occurred over the years. The front sliding doors have been reinstated, after having been sealed and covered at some point. Also, in the mid-1950s, a large welding shop was added at the structure's rear. The blacksmith shop occupies one lot and is situated mid-block on 49 Street, which is Lacombe's former industrial district.

Heritage Value
The heritage value of the Lacombe Blacksmith Shop lies in its representation of early twentieth century industrial development in small town Alberta. Blacksmithing was an essential trade during the settlement period, and blacksmith shops were an important industry in small towns.

During the settlement period, towns served as centralized distribution points where the people of the surrounding district could obtain goods and services essential to their livelihoods, health and well-being. To be viable, towns needed to offer a range of services, including trades and small industries, such as small manufactories, livery stables and blacksmith shops, to its hinterland population. Blacksmith shops were usually amongst the first businesses to establish themselves at town sites and at important junctions. From these shops farmers could have necessary metal implements made and repaired, obtain the services of a farrier and, in many instances, access some form of rudimentary veterinary assistance. These functions were all vitally important to early settlers who were located in relatively isolated regions and depended on animals, particularly horses, for transportation and economic well-being. Towns and other rural communities that boasted blacksmith shops and other light industrial services were well positioned for further development. Communities that did not provide these essential services lost visitors to neighbouring communities that could provide them. Despite their importance, these industrial operations were perceived by many as being fire risks and unattractive and they were typically located apart from the main commercial district. Blacksmith shops often became the nucleus of small industrial areas that were out of sight from most visitors, but still close enough to the main street to be convenient for those that required their services.

The Town of Lacombe grew around a Calgary & Edmonton Railway siding established in 1891. The community grew rapidly and by the turn of the century, distinct zones had begun to develop and an industrial area was established on Glass Street (now 49th Street). This street, which ran north from the main commercial block, was home to a livery stable, a hardware supply store, and a laundry. Between 1900 and 1905, these businesses were joined by this blacksmith shop, Lacombe's third. The shop is a simple, highly utilitarian wood-frame structure with a gable roof and a large boomtown front. The building's exterior, which is devoid of ornamentation, is clad in corrugated metal sheets, likely as a fire-prevention measure, and has minimal fenestration. The gable roof, which is supported by two posts, encloses a large open work area. While the exterior is simple, the blacksmith shop's interior is much more complex. Like most blacksmith shops, its work floor is divided into separate areas for general metal-working and horseshoeing. The shop's original forge is still present, as well as a large and small triphammer and many original vices, hammers, blocks, dies, anvils and various other tools, machinery and smithing and horseshoeing equipment. Its wooden walls and ceiling beams, most of which are blackened from years of exposure to soot and heat, also feature countless hooks, rings and rails for tools, securing horses and storage of metal. Branding marks and the carved initials of previous blacksmiths and customers also adorn the walls. Work tables and cabinetry, many with handwritten content labels are located around the work floor. Early in its history, the building went through a rapid succession of owners, but it was in continual use as a blacksmith shop until at least 1939, after which time it saw use as a welding shop and for general metal working trades until 1993.
Source: Alberta Culture and Community Spirit, Historic Resources Management Branch (File: Des. 1770)

Character-Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage value of the Lacombe Blacksmith Shop include its:

Exterior
- rectangular, 7.6 metre by 12.8 metre (25' x 42') shape;
- gable roof;
- large, boom town front on the east facing side;
- exterior walls and roof clad in corrugated metal sheets;
- lack of any ornamentation demonstrating the utilitarian nature of the building;
- location on 49th Street, Lacombe's historic industrial block.

Interior
- large, open floor plan with a clear demarcation between the general work area and the
horseshoeing area;
- original forge situated towards the rear of the building on the south side;
- presence of the numerous pieces of original equipment, machinery and tools including
two triphammers, anvils, vices and tongs;
- wooden walls and ceiling beams, blackened from exposure to soot and heat;
- interior walls covered mainly with boards of a variety of lengths and widths, patched in
places by plywood sheets;
- numerous hooks, rings and rails for tools, tying horses and storing pieces of metal;
- presence of built-in and moveable work tables and cabinetry, many with handwritten
content labels;
- presence of initials carved into and branding marks burnt into walls;
- attic space accessible by ladder.

Location

Street Address:	5020 - 49 Street
Community:	Lacombe
Boundaries:	Lot 16, Block 3, Plan RN1
Contributing Resources:	Buildings: 1

ATS Legal Description:

Mer	Rge	Twp	Sec	LSD
4 4	26 26	40 40	30 30	01 2 (ptn.)

PBL Legal Description (Cadastral Reference):

Plan	Block	Lot	Parcel
RN1 (I)	3	16

Latitude/Longitude:

Latitude	Longitude	CDT	Datum Type
52.463796	-113.729255	Secondary Source	NAD83

UTM Reference:

Northing	Easting	Zone	CDT	Datum Type

Recognition

Recognition Authority:	Province of Alberta
Designation Status:	Provincial Historic Resource
Date of Designation:	2011/06/16

Historical Information

Built:	1904 to 1904
Period of Significance:
Theme(s):	Developing Economies : Extraction and Production
Historic Function(s):	Industry : Metal Products Manufacturing Facility
Current Function(s):
Architect:
Builder:
Context:	HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE In 1904 Alfred Jacob Weddle, blacksmith, became the first in a long series of metal workers to have owned this property. Stanely Sandford Watson and Alfred Dickie Watson bought it from him in 1905, with Fredrick Taylor replacing Stanley in the partnership in 1906. John McNabb, a blacksmith like Weddle, the Watson's and Taylor, purchased the site in 1906 and operated his business there until 1929. Even at that late date John Reeves, the new owner, listed his occupation as blacksmith on the certificate of title. Industrial buildings of this period generally followed the 'boomtown front' pattern in Alberta's smaller communities. This structure built between 1905 and 1907, is a typical example of the type. It is utilitarian in that the gable-roofed building provides a large work area, with little or no attention to style. The simplicity of design rather than any applied ornament or historically derived style accounts for the building's aesthetic impact. Originally constructed of wood, the shop has since been clad in corrugated metal and for years has been the home of Selvais' Welding, a locally owned and operating metal working business. (Site Information Summary) HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE The Lacombe Blacksmith Shop has both local and provincial significance. The village of Lacombe had 100 people in 1900, and was already a local centre. This building is one of the few business structures remaining from that early period, as fires over the years have destroyed much of Lacombe's early built environment. On a provincial level, this building is one of the few pre-1914 blacksmithing shops left in the province. Blacksmiths played a vital role in settlement history, shoeing horses and repairing agricultural implements.

Additional Information

Object Number:	4665-0638
Designation File:	DES 1770
Related Listing(s):	4664-0417
Heritage Survey File:	HS 21530
Website Link:
Data Source:	Alberta Culture and Community Spirit, Historic Resources Management Branch, Old St. Stephen's College, 8820 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P8 (File: Des. 1770)